Lockheed built 38 two-seat trainer versions of the F-104G Starfighter for the Royal Canadian Air Force. These aircraft were similar to the TF-104Gs built by Lockheed for other NATO allies, but were powered by Canadian-built J79-OEL-7 engines. They were given the Lockheed designation of Model 583-04-15, and were initially designated CF-113 in Canadian service. However, this designation was later changed to CF-104D. No CF-104Ds were built in Canada.

The first CF-104D made its maiden flight on June 14, 1961. The last 16 aircraft on the order had slightly different equipment and were designated CF-104D Mk. II. The Royal Canadian Air Force Dual Seat Starfighter fleet carried the serial range of 12631 to 12668 for the Lockheed-built CF-104D Mk 1 and Mk 2, but on May 18, 1970 they were reserialed as 104631 through 104668.

In 1971-1973, seven former Canadian Forces CF-104Ds were transferred to Denmark after having brought up to TF-104G standards. In 1973, two other CF104Ds were transferred to Norway. Following their withdrawal from CAF service, six CF-104Ds were transferred to Turkey following an overhaul in Germany.